Abstract: Cyclodextrins polymers are known as an interesting low molecular carriers in pharmacy, food technology, medicine etc. There are different routes to design such kind of macromolecules however most of them base on synthetic compound. In the presented work a series of cyclodextrin polyesters with malic acid were obtained using dry method. Sodium hydrogen phosphate was used as a catalyst. As a result two different fractions were obtained i.e. water soluble and insoluble ones. Both of them were characterized by means of carboxylic acid (HPLC) and carbohydrates profile (anthron method) . Several malic acid derivatives were detected especially fumaric and malonic acids. In obtained sample the complexation ability was checked using standard methyl orange method. The insoluble fraction was hydrolyzed using sodium carbonate solution and the carboxylic acids and cyclodextrin presence were investigated as well. According to obtained results we can state the novel cyclodextrin macromolecules were design using simple and easy protocol. The obtained product is fully biodegradable and completely nontoxic what guides to many possible application in both food and non-food application.

Abstract: In this work we studied changes in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) conformations with respect to the polymer concentrations, using Langevin dynamics at 300 ± 10 K. Constructed polymer chain consisted of 90 units and the friction coefficient of the solvent (water) was set to 55 ps^-1. We also turned to quantum mechanical calculations, using B3LYP/6-31+G* level of theory in order to investigate the association via hydrogen bonds (HB) between two OH-groups of PVA and between OH-group and water. It was demonstrated that in dilute solutions PVA macromolecules tend to shrink and form more dense coils by comparison with polymers in more concentrated solutions, where two or more chains overlap, entangle and associate via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. We also established that HB between OH-groups and water molecules are less stable than those between two not adjacent OH-groups of one or various chains. The obtained data allow us to consider that in the case of low PVA concentrations, the distances between parts of one chain tend to decrease that leads to the polymer conformation favorable for the intramolecular cross-linking when the acetalization reaction of PVA takes place. As far as the cross-linking occurs within the coil, the resulting product should loss it flexibility. We assumed that the mass-transfer in this system should be slower than the subsequent chemical reaction, so the acetalization of partially modified PVA should proceed with essential retardation.

Abstract: Novel mulriple polymer polyaniline/Bi₂SnTiO₇ was synthesized by chemical oxidation in-situ polymerization method and sol-gel method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of novel polyaniline/Bi₂SnTiO₇ have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray spectrometry. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was realized under visible light irradiation with novel polyaniline/Bi₂SnTiO₇ as catalyst. The results showed that novel polyaniline/Bi₂SnTiO₇ owned higher catalytic activity compared with Bi₂SnTiO₇ or pure TiO₂ or N-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with novel polyaniline/Bi₂SnTiO₇ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed the first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01350 or 0.00333 min-1. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with novel polyaniline/Bi₂SnTiO₇ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methylene blue was observed. The reduction of the total organic carbon, the formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2- and NO₃^-, and the evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methylene blue during the photocatalytic process. The possible photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue was obtained under visible light irradiation. Novel mulriple polymer polyaniline/Bi₂SnTiO₇/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.